Sheep are natures blessing to mankind for its wealth, the wool. Wool
was the first animal fiber, which were made into cloth. Sheep wool
fabric is widely used because it is much warmer than other fabrics
obtained from animal fiber. It is also resistant to wrinkle and fire.
This fabric repels water easily and is static-free.There are forty breeds of sheep producing approximately 200 types of wool. The spinning of wool was developed in around 4000 B.C. in the region of Mediterranean Sea. The first wool factory was established in 50 A.D. in Winchester (England) by the Romans. In 1797, thirteen Merino sheep were brought to Australia by the British to start Merino sheep industry. Today, the major wool producers in the world are Australia, Argentina, China and South Africa and biggest sheep raising countries are Australia, China, Iran, New Zealand and India.
The quality of the sheep wool fabric depends upon the climate, pastures and breed. Sheep living in warm and arid regions produces dry and brittle wool where as sheep raised in colder regions with good grazing lands and lots of water, produces good quality of wool.
Process of making Wool Fabric
Shearing and washing - The fleece is removed from the sheep by either cutting or shearing. The raw fleece generally contains dirt and is greasy and tangled. It is washed by immersing in a spring or running stream which is lathered with soap. The fleece is then beaten against rocks until they become white and free of impurities.
Carding and spinning - After washing, the wool passes through carding machines, a revolving cylinders covered with fine wire teeth. This removes all unwanted materials from the wool. The wool is straighten and combed into a thin veil or web. The wool is then spun into yarns. Yarns meant for rugs are loosely spun.
Dyeing - After spinning, the yarns are send for dyeing. The yarns are submerged in pots of simmering water. Plant matter (dye) and a mordant, a chemical to increase absorption and fastness, is added in proportion to the weight of the wool.
Characteristics of Sheep Wool Fabric
- It provides more warmth than other animal fibers in winter and cool in summer.
- It retains to its position when stretched.
- It is colorfast when dyed.
- It is absorbent and elastic.
- It is resistant to fire.
- It breathes along with the body.
- Its natural colors are white, brown, grey, charcoal, and black.
- Different quality of sheep wool fabric is used in different ways. The fine quality wool is used to make finer fabrics in men's suits, women's suits and dresses, slacks, and softer and lighter sweaters and vests.
- Medium quality wool is used in making heavier sport coats, sweaters, and lighter blankets. Coarser wool is used for heavier blankets, heavier topcoats, and upholstery products.
- Sheep wool fabric is frequently used as rugs and carpets because it is soft, durable, easy to work with and comes in economical price.
