Non-woven fabric is a sheet or web structure, produced by interlocking
layers or networks of fibers or filaments (and by perforating films)
mechanically, thermally or chemically. It is flat, flexible and porous.
Non-woven fabric mimics the appearances, textures and strengths of a woven
fabric and can be produced as bulky as the thickest padding.Non-woven fabric is formed either by a one-step or two-step process. In the one-step process, the web formation and the bonding takes place continuously. A good example of one-step process is spunbond and melt blown process. In this process, the thermoplastic fibers are extruded through a spinneret and laid down on a conveyor belt, which forms a web. The web is then bonded by passing the fibers between two calendar rollers. In melt blown process, the fibers are blown onto a collector screen to form a web.
In the second process, the two-step process, a web is first formed and then bonded by a separate process. The web is formed by dry laid, air laid or wet laid method. Most of the web is fragile. To strengthen, the web is bonded by either an application of an adhesive, thermal exposure, needlepunching, hydroentanglement or stitchbonding.
Characteristics of Non-Woven Fabric
- Non-woven fabric can provide the following specific functions:
- It can be absorbent.
- It can be liquid repellent.
- It can be resilient.
- It can be stretchable.
- It can be soft.
- It can have good strength.
- It can be flame retardant.
- It can be washable.
- Disposable diapers
- Sterile wraps, caps, gowns, masks and draping used in the medical field
- Laundry aids (fabric dryer-sheets)
- Apparel interlining
- Carpeting and upholstery fabrics, padding and backing
- Wall coverings
- Automotive headliners and upholstery
- Insulation
- Roofing products
- Civil engineering fabrics/geotextiles
